Table 4 Prognostic factors of simultaneous multiple primary lung cancers

Age (years)

0.325

< 60

74 (43.3%)

Ref.

Ref.

≥ 60

97 (56.7%)

1.404 (0.721–2.688)

Sex

0.003

0.038

Female

102 (59.6%)

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Male

69 (40.4%)

2.686 (1.447–5.603)

3.115 (1.063–9.126)

Smoking history

0.006

0.639

Yes

58 (33.9%)

Ref.

Ref.

No

113 (66.1%)

0.412 (0.184–0.751)

Family history of neoplasia

0.021

Yes

47 (27.5%)

Ref.

Ref.

No

124 (72.5%)

3.171 (1.148–4.889)

Family history of lung cancer

0.050

Yes

29 (17.0%)

Ref.

Ref.

No

142 (83.0%)

3.742 (1.004–5.490)

Presented symptoms before the first surgery

0.003

No

101 (59.1%)

Ref.

Ref.

Yes

70 (40.9%)

0.378 (0.193–0.739)

Types of multiple cancers (GG/L nodules or second primary lung cancer)

< 0.001

0.066

Second primary lung cancer

45 (26.3%)

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Multifocal GG/L nodules

126 (73.7%)

0.278 (0.088–0.407)

0.308 (0.088–1.083)

Relationship of locations of multiple lesions

1.736

Bilateral tumors

60 (35.1%)

Ref.

Ref.

Ipsilateral tumors

111 (64.9%)

1.736 (0.825–3.649)

The highest stage tumor

< 0.001

0.007

I

127 (74.3%)

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

II-III

44 (25.7%)

6.127 (2.723–13.790)

2.695 (1.317–5.517)

Type(s) of surgery (thoracotomy/ VATS)

0.070

VATS only

86 (50.3%)

Ref.

Ref.

Thoracotomy (with or without VATS)

85 (49.7%)

1.842 (0.952–3.562)