Table 5 Killip’s stages of heart failure
Stage | Definition |
|---|---|
I | No clinical signs of heart failure |
II | Rales or crackles in the lungs, an S3, and elevated jugular venous pressure |
III | Frank acute pulmonary edema. |
IV | Cardiogenic shock or hypotension (measured as systolic blood pressure <90Â mmHg), and evidence of peripheral vasoconstriction (oliguria, cyanosis or sweating) |